Gender-inclusive governance of “self-help” groups in rural Kenya

Gender-inclusive governance of “self-help” groups in rural Kenya
Author: Aberman, Noora-Lisa
Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Total Pages: 33
Release: 2020-12-24
Genre: Political Science
ISBN:

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There is vast literature on groups as a useful mechanism for rural development, especially for women. However, for group participation to fulfil on potential benefits to women, gender-specific constraints must be addressed. This study examines how to promote gender-inclusive governance of mixed-sex self-help groups in the African context, analysing twenty mixed-sex focus group discussions with 190 group members in rural western Kenya. Emphasizing group member perceptions and beliefs about participation and governance, we undertake an empirical assessment of institutional factors that explain and facilitate effective participation of female members. We find that group-member endowments impact the group’s interpretation in terms of their understanding of gender issues and political processes, and that the pro-gender intentions behind governance structures are more important than the structures themselves. Furthermore, groups in this context serve as a distinct parallel institution to that of the home that enable them to push the boundaries of community gender norms.

Women and Rural Change

Women and Rural Change
Author: Barbara P. Thomas-Slayter
Publisher:
Total Pages: 80
Release: 1980*
Genre: Rural women
ISBN:

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Community-based Rehabilitation

Community-based Rehabilitation
Author: World Health Organization
Publisher:
Total Pages: 452
Release: 2010
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 9789241548052

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Volume numbers determined from Scope of the guidelines, p. 12-13.

Gender Equality, Development and Women Empowerment

Gender Equality, Development and Women Empowerment
Author: A.K. Pandey
Publisher:
Total Pages: 323
Release: 2003-01-01
Genre: Equality
ISBN: 9788126114627

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An Individual S Self-Conception As Being Male Or Female, As Distinguished From Actual Biological Sex. For Most Persons, Gender Identity And Biological Sex. For Most Persons, Gender Identity And Biological Characteristics Are The Same. There Are, However, Circumstances In Which An Individual Experiences Little Or No Connection Between Sex And Gender, In Trans-Sexualism, For Example, Biological Sexual Characteristics And Distinct And Unambiguous, But The Affected Person Believes That He Or She Is Or Ought To Be Of The Opposite Sex. Gender Identity Is Not Fixed At Birth; Both Physiologic And Social Factors Contribute To The Early Establishment Of A Core Identity, Which Is Modified And Expanded By Social Factors As The Child Matures.The Women S Movement Questioned Certain Social Institutions And Traditional Values, Basing Many Of Its Arguments On Scientific Studies Suggesting That Most Supposed Differences Between Men And Women Result Not From Biology But From Culture. Many Women Objected That The English Language Itself, By Reflecting Traditional Male Dominance In Its Word Forms, Perpetuated The Problem. Successful Efforts To Reform The Language Included The Introduction Of The Title Ms. As An Alternative To Miss Or Mrs; The Substitution Of Gender-Neutral For Gender-Based Terms, Such As Firefighter For Fireman And Flight Attendant For Stewardess; And The Avoidance Of The Male Pronoun He (For Example, By The Use Of A Phrase Such As He Or She) When Referring To Persons Who May Be Either Male Or Female. The Women S Movement Also Sought To Foster Changes In Male-Female Relationships Within The Family, Including The Sharing Of Domestic Roles And The Avoidance Of Gender Stereotyping In Children S Toys And Books, Television Programs, And Other Media. An Increasing Number Of Women Chose To Use Their Maiden Name After Marriage, Either In Place Of, Or In Conjunction With, Their Husband S Name. Much Attention Was Given To Consciousness Raising To Make Women Aware Of Their Shared Abilities, Experiences, And Problems.In India, With The Help Of Ngos Efforts Are Being Made In Terms Of Gender Equality And Women Empowerment By Forming The Women Shgs. The Book Is Based On This Effort And Hope That It Will Be Liked By All Those Working For The Welfare And Development Of Women.

Gender Equality and Inclusive Growth

Gender Equality and Inclusive Growth
Author: Raquel Fernández
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Total Pages: 50
Release: 2021-03-04
Genre: Social Science
ISBN: 1513571168

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This paper considers various dimensions and sources of gender inequality and presents policies and best practices to address these. With women accounting for fifty percent of the global population, inclusive growth can only be achieved if it promotes gender equality. Despite recent progress, gender gaps remain across all stages of life, including before birth, and negatively impact health, education, and economic outcomes for women. The roadmap to gender equality has to rely on legal framework reforms, policies to promote equal access, and efforts to tackle entrenched social norms. These need to be set in the context of arising new trends such as digitalization, climate change, as well as shocks such as pandemics.

Human Development Report 1993

Human Development Report 1993
Author: United Nations Development Programme
Publisher: Human Development Report
Total Pages: 148
Release: 1993
Genre: Developing countries
ISBN: 0195084586

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Since its headline-making debut, the Human Development Report has become an essential resource for development specialists, economists, and political scientists around the world. While previous Human Development Reports focused on investment in people, the 1993 Report not only updates the findings of the earlier volumes, but shifts the focus towards the "other" side of human development--mobilizing and utilizing human potential. The Report surveys the instruments for enhancing and encouraging participatory patterns of development, including privatization and participatory market structures, vertical and horizontal decentralization of government functions, devolution of government powers, enterprise decentralization, involvement of NGOs and other grass-roots organizations, and empowerment of people. It probes the vital connections between employment and development, and offers a global framework for employment that takes into account the growing pressure for international migration. In addition, it examines links between human development and international markets for ucts, capital, and labor, and presents updated human development indicators for more than 160 countries.

Climate change and women’s voice and agency beyond the household: Insights from India

Climate change and women’s voice and agency beyond the household: Insights from India
Author: Takeshima, Hiroyuki
Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Total Pages: 33
Release: 2022-12-15
Genre: Political Science
ISBN:

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Women’s Voice & Agency beyond the household (VABH) has increasingly been recognized as critical to strengthening resilience, increasing women’s access to important resources, improving women’s decision-making power, and facilitating broader social networks (Njuki et al. 2022). Despite rapidly intensifying climate change in recent years, a knowledge gap persists as to how climate change may affect women’s VABH in developing countries. This has been particularly challenging in countries like India, which host one of the largest numbers of the poor and has been increasingly plagued by droughts, floods, cyclones, rising temperatures, and increasing rainfall fluctuations. This study provides a conceptual discussion on the linkages between climate change and VABH and analyzes their empirical relationship using multiple rounds of nationwide household data from India (India Human Development Survey 2005, 2012; World Values Survey 2001, 2006, 2012); climate data; and data on women’s political representation at the district level. Our results suggest that in rural parts of India, adverse climate change and natural disasters, such as cyclones and/or floods, have consistently negative associations with a broad range of VABH-related outcomes. Moreover, in rural areas, greater political representation by women in district assemblies broadly mitigates the potential effects of adverse climate change on VABH-related outcomes. These patterns generally hold across various populations, differentiated by marriage status and age groups, and are more robust in rural compared to urban areas. There are also generally consistent gender differences in these associations. Specifically, results indicate that women’s VABH are disproportionately more negatively affected by adverse CC than men’s VABH, while greater female representation at local district assemblies has greater effects in mitigating adverse CC on VABH among women than men. The results underscore the importance of enhancing women’s political representation as a means to improve women’s VABH.

A review of evidence on gender equality, women’s empowerment, and food systems

A review of evidence on gender equality, women’s empowerment, and food systems
Author: Njuki, Jemimah
Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Total Pages: 55
Release: 2021-07-14
Genre: Political Science
ISBN:

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Achieving gender equality and women’s empowerment in food systems can result in greater food security and better nutrition, and in more just, resilient, and sustainable food systems for all. This paper uses a scoping review to assess the current evidence on pathways between gender equality, women’s empowerment, and food systems. The paper uses an adaptation of the food systems framework to organize the evidence and identify where evidence is strong, and where gaps remain. Results show strong evidence on women’s differing access to resources, shaped and reinforced by contextual social gender norms, and on links between women’s empowerment and maternal education and important outcomes, such as nutrition and dietary diversity. However, evidence is limited on issues such as gender considerations in food systems for women in urban areas and in aquaculture value chains, best practices and effective pathways for engaging men in the process of women’s empowerment in food systems, and for addressing issues related to migration, crises, and indigenous food systems. And while there are gender informed evaluation studies that examine the effectiveness of gender- and nutrition- sensitive agricultural programs, evidence to indicate the long-term sustainability of such impacts remains limited. The paper recommends keys areas for investment: improving women’s leadership and decision-making in food systems, promoting equal and positive gender norms, improving access to resources, and building cross-contextual research evidence on gender and food systems.