Export Restrictions On Critical Minerals And Metals
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Author | : Ilaria Espa |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 404 |
Release | : 2015 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : 9781107450448 |
Download Export Restrictions on Critical Minerals and Metals Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle
Conventional wisdom on the insufficiency of existing WTO disciplines on export restrictions has triggered momentum on the issue. In this book, Ilaria Espa offers a comprehensive analysis of the scope and coverage of WTO disciplines on export restrictions in light of emerging case law. She investigates whether such rules still provide a sufficient, credible and effective framework capable of preventing abuses in the use of export restrictive measures on critical minerals and metals during a period of economic crisis and change in international trade patterns. Giving a broad overview of the export restrictions applied to these materials, Espa identifies distinctive features in the proliferation of export barriers and analyses the existing WTO rules to reveal their scope, gaps and inconsistencies. She goes on to present solutions based upon her findings with the aim of bringing more coherence and equity to WTO rules on the export side.
Author | : Ilaria Espa |
Publisher | : Cambridge University Press |
Total Pages | : 405 |
Release | : 2015-12-03 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 1107085969 |
Download Export Restrictions on Critical Minerals and Metals Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle
Examines existing WTO disciplines on export restrictions in light of the proliferation of export restraints on critical minerals and metals.
Author | : Richard S. Silberglitt |
Publisher | : Rand Corporation |
Total Pages | : 78 |
Release | : 2013 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 0833079255 |
Download Critical Materials Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle
A high percentage of many raw and semi-finished materials critical to U.S. manufacturing are imported. China is the controlling producer of 11 of these materials and has instituted export restrictions that have led to two-tier pricing, creating pressure to move manufacturing to China. This report suggests the need for actions to mitigate the impact of such market distortions on the global manufacturing sector.
Author | : Steven Chu |
Publisher | : DIANE Publishing |
Total Pages | : 166 |
Release | : 2011-05 |
Genre | : Reference |
ISBN | : 1437944183 |
Download Critical Materials Strategy Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle
This report examines the role of rare earth metals and other materials in the clean energy economy. It was prepared by the U.S. Department of Energy (DoE) based on data collected and research performed during 2010. In the report, DoE describes plans to: (1) develop its first integrated research agenda addressing critical materials, building on three technical workshops convened by the DoE during November and December 2010; (2) strengthen its capacity for information-gathering on this topic; and (3) work closely with international partners, including Japan and Europe, to reduce vulnerability to supply disruptions and address critical material needs. Charts and tables. This is a print on demand report.
Author | : Stephanie Switzer |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 0 |
Release | : 2015 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : |
Download Access to Minerals Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle
In the past few years, the Chinese government opted to restrict the export of selected minerals on environmental and health grounds, subsequently leading to an uproar in countries and regions that rely heavily on imports from China to develop their renewable industry sector. This paper places the focus on the law and policy of the Chinese export restrictions of critical minerals, and its implications for the global renewables energy industry. The paper critically assesses how such export restrictions have been dealt with under the dispute settlement system of the World Trade Organisation (WTO). Drawing on this WTO jurisprudence, we posit that litigation on export restrictions of the kind imposed by China poses a threat to the legitimacy of the WTO. We therefore conclude by exploring whether there are any alternatives to litigation as a means to deal with countries choosing to impose mineral export restrictions.
Author | : National Research Council |
Publisher | : National Academies Press |
Total Pages | : 263 |
Release | : 2008-03-11 |
Genre | : Political Science |
ISBN | : 0309112826 |
Download Minerals, Critical Minerals, and the U.S. Economy Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle
Minerals are part of virtually every product we use. Common examples include copper used in electrical wiring and titanium used to make airplane frames and paint pigments. The Information Age has ushered in a number of new mineral uses in a number of products including cell phones (e.g., tantalum) and liquid crystal displays (e.g., indium). For some minerals, such as the platinum group metals used to make cataytic converters in cars, there is no substitute. If the supply of any given mineral were to become restricted, consumers and sectors of the U.S. economy could be significantly affected. Risks to minerals supplies can include a sudden increase in demand or the possibility that natural ores can be exhausted or become too difficult to extract. Minerals are more vulnerable to supply restrictions if they come from a limited number of mines, mining companies, or nations. Baseline information on minerals is currently collected at the federal level, but no established methodology has existed to identify potentially critical minerals. This book develops such a methodology and suggests an enhanced federal initiative to collect and analyze the additional data needed to support this type of tool.
Author | : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Natural Resources. Subcommittee on Energy and Mineral Resources |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 58 |
Release | : 2011 |
Genre | : Political Science |
ISBN | : |
Download Strategic and Critical Minerals Policy Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle
Author | : United States. Congress. Senate. Special Committee to Study Problems of American Small Business. Subcommittee on Mining and Minerals Industry |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 48 |
Release | : 1944 |
Genre | : Mineral industries |
ISBN | : |
Download Future Problems of the Nation's Critical and Strategic Minerals and Metals Industry Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle
Author | : Richard S. Silberglitt |
Publisher | : Rand Corporation |
Total Pages | : 67 |
Release | : 2013 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 0833079271 |
Download Critical Materials Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle
"The United States economy, and especially its manufacturing sector, is dependent on the supply of raw and semi-finished materials used to make products. While the United States has extensive mineral resources and is a leading global materials producer, a high percentage of many materials critical to U.S. manufacturing are imported, sometimes from a country that has the dominant share of a material's global production and export. This report specifically identifies 14 critical materials for which production is concentrated in countries with weak governance, as indicated by the World Governance Indicators published by the World Bank. China is the controlling producer of 11 of these critical raw materials, nine of which have been identified as having high economic importance and high supply risk. As its market share and domestic consumption of critical materials has grown, China has instituted production controls, export restrictions, mine closings, and company consolidations that have led to two-tier pricing, which creates pressure to move manufacturing to China and contributes to strong price increases for these materials on the world market. To mitigate the impact of these market distortions on the global manufacturing sector, this report suggests the need for actions that (1) increase resiliency to supply disruptions or market distortions and (2) provide early warning of developing problems concerning the concentration of production."--Page 4 of cover.
Author | : Wayne M. Morrison |
Publisher | : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform |
Total Pages | : 40 |
Release | : 2012-12-26 |
Genre | : China |
ISBN | : 9781481849210 |
Download China's Rare Earth Industry and Export Regime Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle
Over the past few years, the Chinese government has implemented a number of policies to tighten its control over the production and export of "rare earths"-a unique group of 17 metal elements on the periodic table that exhibit a range of special properties, such as magnetism, luminescence, and strength. Rare earths are important to a number of high technology industries, including renewable energy and various defense systems.