Export Quality in Developing Countries

Export Quality in Developing Countries
Author: Christian Henn
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Total Pages: 34
Release: 2013-05-15
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1484378296

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This paper develops new, far more extensive estimates of export quality, covering 178 countries and hundreds of products over 1962–2010. Quality upgrading is particularly rapid during the early stages of development, with quality convergence largely completed as a country reaches upper middle-income status. There is significant cross-country heterogeneity in quality growth rates. Within any given product line, quality converges both conditionally and unconditionally to the world frontier; increases in institutional quality and human capital are associated with faster quality upgrading. In turn, faster growth in quality is associated with more rapid output growth. The evidence suggests that quality upgrading is best encouraged through a broadly conducive domestic environment, rather than sector-specific policies. Diversification is important to create new upgrading opportunities.

Export Quality and Income Distribution

Export Quality and Income Distribution
Author: Rajat Acharyya
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages: 153
Release: 2023-01-31
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1009354671

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Given the increasing sensitivity of buyers in the richer countries towards quality of goods they consume, low-quality exports largely constrain export-growth of the developing countries. This Element documents the attempts to estimate cross-country quality variations and reviews the demand side and supply side explanations for the low-quality phenomenon. It examines how trade policies can incentivize export-quality upgrading, and discusses the underlying channels through which a reverse causality from export-quality upon within-country income or wage inequality may develop.

Export-oriented Industrialization in Developing Countries

Export-oriented Industrialization in Developing Countries
Author: Pitou van Dijck
Publisher: NUS Press
Total Pages: 488
Release: 1987
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 9789971691127

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This study describes and analyses in depth the transformation taking place in world manufacturing industry and its impact on the economies of newly industrialising countries. In Part One, the causes and characteristics of export-oriented industrialisation are studied, often using world-wide cross-country analyses. Trade policies and export strategies underlying such industrialisation processes get much attention. Part Two mainly deals with the domestic preconditions for and consequences of export-oriented manufacturing production, on the basis of detailed case studies of seven East and South-East Asian countries.

Exporting Services

Exporting Services
Author: Arti Grover Goswami
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Total Pages: 407
Release: 2011-11-15
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 0821388231

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Through country case studies as well as econometric analysis, this book attempts to identify the factors that have helped developing countries succeed in exporting services. It examines strategies that have been successful as well as those that have not delivered expected results..

Export Quality Management

Export Quality Management
Author: International Trade Centre UNCTAD/WTO.
Publisher: United Nations Publications
Total Pages: 264
Release: 2001
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN:

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The Uruguay Round of multilateral trade negotiations significantly reduced tariff barriers to trade. However, exporters continue to face non-tariff barriers in the form of standards, technical regulations, sanitary and phytosanitary measures, and conformity assessment procedures. To meet the requirements these impose and demonstrate compliance with them is a difficult and costly process for exporters in developing countries and transition economies. Many of these countries have not yet been able to take full advantage of the WTO Agreements largely because of a lack of resources. Given this, the International Trade Center has produced this guide providing SME managers in developing countries and transition economies with answers in simple language to their most frequently asked questions on standards and conformity assessment. The questions address issues such as technical regulations and standards, product certification, testing, metrology, quality management, ISO 9000, other management systems, accreditation and the Agreements on TBT and SPS.

trade costs, barriers to entry, and export diversification in developing countries

trade costs, barriers to entry, and export diversification in developing countries
Author: Allen Dennis
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Total Pages: 42
Release: 2012
Genre:
ISBN:

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This paper finds that a 1 percent reduction in the cost of exporting or the cost of international transport is associated with an export diversification gain of 0.3 percent or 0.4 percent respectively. Lower domestic market entry costs can also promote diversification, but the elasticity is weaker (-0.1). To obtain these results, the authors construct new measures of export diversification for 118 developing countries using highly detailed 8-digit mirror data from the European Union. The analysis also incorporates new export cost data from the World Bank's Doing Business database, covering document preparation, inland transport, administrative fees, and port/customs charges. Findings are highly robust, including to the use of geography and colonial history as instruments for trade and entry costs. Both the signs and relative magnitudes of these effects are consistent with predictions from a heterogeneous firms model of trade with asymmetric costs.

Food Safety and Quality Systems in Developing Countries

Food Safety and Quality Systems in Developing Countries
Author: André Gordon
Publisher: Academic Press
Total Pages: 187
Release: 2015-06-02
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 0128013516

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Food Safety and Quality Systems in Developing Countries, Volume One: Export Challenges and Implementation Strategies considers both the theoretical and practical aspects of food safety and quality systems implementation by major world markets and new and emerging markets in developing countries. This reference examines issues facing exporters and importers of traditional foods the characteristics of the food and its distribution channels, and market access from a historical and current context to present best practices. This must-have reference offers real-life, practical approaches for foods from around the world, offering help to those who have found it difficult to implement sustainable, certifiable food safety and quality systems into their businesses and provides scientifically sound solutions to support their implementation. Includes accessible, relevant case studies of instances when food safety was compromised and offers practical scientific input in dealing with and preventing these issues Discusses the role and importance of research and documentation of food safety when exporting products Presents risk analysis examples from the past and present for products from various countries and different perspectives including the United States, Canada, Europe, Mexico, India, South Africa, Haiti, Jamaica, and more Offers successful strategies for developing food safety and quality systems from a national and firm-level perspective relevant to academics, regulators, exporters, importers and major distributors handling food from various developing countries

Product Standards, Exports and Employment

Product Standards, Exports and Employment
Author: Rajat Acharyya
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 156
Release: 2006-03-30
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 3790815969

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Through the process of globalization, the trade dependence and int- dependence of the developing countries have increased phenomenally than ever before. The characteristic of this late twentieth-century globalization process has been the new technological revolution that has led to a high rate of world exports of electronics and other high-technology products. This has marginalized most of the developing countries exporting largely the low quality and low value-addition manufacturing and primary products, barring a few exceptions like China, India and Mexico. The fruits of globalization have, therefore, been unevenly distributed so far across the developed and the developing countries. Moreover, whatever little growth in exports of medium technology products has been achieved by a few of them, is largely driven by outsourcing of low value-addition and low- stage of activities by the foreign multinationals. Outsourcing of software services, rather than development of software packages, in India and assembly line for automobiles in Mexico are the two glaring examples. These activities may have boosted the total exports of these countries, but they have failed to generate any feedback effect on the rest of the economy in terms of skill formation, increase in overall productivity level and product diversification.