Essays on Japanese Labour Policy
Author | : Tapio Koskiaho |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 78 |
Release | : 1990 |
Genre | : Japan |
ISBN | : |
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Author | : Tapio Koskiaho |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 78 |
Release | : 1990 |
Genre | : Japan |
ISBN | : |
Author | : Jess Diamond |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 116 |
Release | : 2011 |
Genre | : Corporations |
ISBN | : 9781124703374 |
In studying the Japanese economic miracle that occurred after the devastation of World War II, many researchers focused on unique features of the Japanese labor market to explain the country's high and growing productivity. One of the most prominent of these features was regular employment, an arrangement characterized by the twin pillars of lifetime employment and seniority-based wages. At its core was the long-term employment relationship between a worker and his firm that provided heavy investment in the worker's human capital. Over time the Japanese labor market has undergone many changes, but one of the most important has been the rise and apparent decline of regular employment. In its wake a dual labor market has emerged, consisting of a regular employment sector reduced in size and a growing non-standard employment sector. Chapter 1 investigates the impact of the dual labor market on workers' earnings. The theory of human capital predicts that the greater investment in human capital of regular employees should raise the returns to regular employment above those to non-standard employment. This chapter investigates whether or not this is the case by building a model of how the dual labor market impacts incentives to invest in workers' human capital and how such investment affects workers' earnings. I then investigate whether or not this model is supported by the data. I find that tenure in regular employment is a more important factor in wage growth than previous work experience, regardless of whether that experience was in regular or non-standard employment. Not only are returns to tenure in regular employment greater than those to past regular and non-standard employment, by and large, there does not appear to be a difference between the returns to past experience in regular employment and past experience in non-standard employment. Furthermore, although tenure in regular employment is an important determinant of wage growth, tenure in non-standard employment is not. Chapter 2 extends the investigation into the impact on workers of the dual labor market by investigating how workers' future employment opportunities are impacted by their employment histories. Specifically, this chapter uses a probability model to investigate in which sector of the dual labor market an individual worker will most likely be employed given his previous history of employment in the regular and non-standard employment sectors. Using this model, I also investigate how the dual labor market affects the employment opportunities of workers of different ages and how these effects have changed over time. My results suggest that starting one's career in non-standard rather than regular employment reduces one's probability of being in regular employment in the future. I also propose a dynamic unobserved effects model in order to separate the effect of unobserved individual heterogeneity from that of true state dependence and find that there is a large degree of state dependence even after controlling for individual heterogeneity so that people are likely to remain in the whichever employment sector they currently find themselves. Among the most important changes that have occurred in Japanese corporate finance over the past 30 years has been the liberalization and internationalization of capital markets, leaving management less protected from the demands of shareholders. Chapter 3 shifts the focus of analysis from workers to firms and investigates whether or not the capital structure of firms affect their personnel strategies and employment policies. In particular, this chapter asks whether the importance of a particular stakeholder to a firm's financing affects which stakeholders the management of the firm prioritizes and how this affects the firm's views on lifetime employment and employee training. I find that the financial structure of the firm is correlated with which stakeholders are regarded as important or influential by the firm. Similarly, I find longer average lengths of service at older firms and firms with lower rates of profitability. I also find that older firms and firms with lower rates of profitability are more likely to reconsider their policies on lifetime employment. Finally, I find that firms are less likely to report that they will support lifetime employment in the future the higher is the percentage of shares owned by either foreign shareholders or individual shareholders.
Author | : Gail Lee Bernstein |
Publisher | : Springer |
Total Pages | : 318 |
Release | : 2016-01-03 |
Genre | : Political Science |
ISBN | : 1349086827 |
This volume focuses on Japan over the last one hundred years, with special emphasis on the twentieth century and the contemporary period. Chapters on cultural, intellectual and economic history, domestic politics and foreign relations trace the complex and multi-faceted process through which Japan has been transformed from an isolated agricultural society to an economic world power and model for the other developing nations. The authors demonstrate the adaptibility of Japan's native tradition in its encounter with the world beyond its own shores, and show how many aspects of traditional Japanese culture and society have been transformed while others have survived, giving contemporary Japan that distinctive flavour of an old insular culture which continues to delight and baffle foreign and native scholars alike.
Author | : Hiroki Satō |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 20 |
Release | : 1998 |
Genre | : Japan |
ISBN | : |
Author | : |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 770 |
Release | : 1965 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : |
Author | : James Mak |
Publisher | : University of Hawaii Press |
Total Pages | : 240 |
Release | : 1997-10-01 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 9780824819675 |
This collection of twenty-six essays furnishes concise explanations of everyday Japanese life in simplified economic terms. They begin with such questions as, Do Japanese live better than Americans? Why don't Japanese workers claim all their overtime? Why don't Japanese use personal checking accounts? Why do Japanese give and receive so many gifts? The essays are written in non-technical, accessible language intended for the undergraduate or advanced placement high school student taking an economics course or studying Japan in a social science course. The general reader will find the book a fascinating compendium of facts on Japanese culture and daily life.
Author | : Mr.Giovanni Ganelli |
Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
Total Pages | : 21 |
Release | : 2015-07-30 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 151353064X |
Data and anecdotal evidence suggest that Japan is suffering from labor shortages, which are large in an international perspective, have a negative impact on potential growth, and reduce the effectiveness of monetary and fiscal stimulus. This paper focuses on policy options to ease Japan’s labor shortages. In particular, we focus on possible measures to increase reliance on foreign labor. Other policy recommendations to deal with shortages include policies aimed at increasing female labor participation, encouraging wage growth, increasing investment, as well as training and other active labor market policies.
Author | : Peter B Doeringer |
Publisher | : Springer |
Total Pages | : 434 |
Release | : 1981-07-30 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 1349044423 |
Author | : Janet Hunter |
Publisher | : Routledge |
Total Pages | : 263 |
Release | : 2003-10-04 |
Genre | : Social Science |
ISBN | : 1134797125 |
Japanese Women Working provides a wide range of perspectives on the study of working women in Japan over the last century. Contributors address issues of state policy towards and management of women workers, and also provide accounts of the experiences of particular groups of workers: domestic servants, hospital care assistants, textile workers , miners, homeworkers and 'professional' housewives. The book highlights many of the issues and decisions that have faced working women in Japan, and calls into question the accuracy of the prevailing domestic stereotype of Japanese women. Essays included span a period rapid economic change, and look at Japan as an industrializing country, indicating the importance of the overall economic environment, as well as taking into account cultural factors, in determinig women's position in the labour market. Bringing together contributions by historians, economists, anthropologists and management specialists from Europe, Japan and the United States, the book underlines the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to the study of women working. It is a major addition to the existing English language literature on Japanese Women, and will make life easier for non-specialists to inform themselves about a critical area of Japanese social and economic development.
Author | : Saburō Ōkita |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 82 |
Release | : 1975 |
Genre | : Japan |
ISBN | : |
Pamphlet comprising texts of lectures on economic growth in Japan - covers economic policy, foreign policy and the problem of natural resources dependency, etc., and considers the role of Japan and the relevance of the Japanese experience to other Asian countries.