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| Author | : WHO Expert Committee on the Epidemiology and Control of African Trypanosomiasis |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 132 |
| Release | : 1986 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : |
| Author | : |
| Publisher | : World Health Organization |
| Total Pages | : 249 |
| Release | : 2013 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 9241209844 |
This report provides information about new diagnostic approaches, new therapeutic regimens and better understanding of the distribution of the disease with high-quality mapping. The roles of human and animal reservoirs and the tsetse fly vectors that transmit the parasites are emphasized. The new information has formed the basis for an integrated strategy with which it is hoped that elimination of HAT will be achieved. The report also contains recommendations on the approaches that will lead to elimination of the disease. Human African Tryponosomiasis (HAT) is a disease that afflicts populations in rural Africa, where the tsetse fly vector that transmits the causative trypanosome parasites thrives. There are two forms of HAT: one, known as gambiense HAT, is endemic in West and Central Africa and causes over 95% of current cases; the other, known as rhodesiense HAT, is endemic in East and southern Africa and accounts for the remainder of cases. The presence of parasites in the brain leads to progressive neurological breakdown. Changes to sleep-wake patterns are among the symptoms that characterize the disease, also known as "sleeping sickness". Eventually, patients fall into a coma and die if not treated. Different treatments are available against parasites present in the haemolymphatic system (first stage) and those that have entered the brain (second stage). Currently, lumbar puncture is required to select the appropriate drug.
| Author | : Christine Amongi Acup |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : |
| Release | : 2014 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
| Author | : Christine Amongi Acup |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 0 |
| Release | : 2014 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
| Author | : |
| Publisher | : World Health Organization |
| Total Pages | : 121 |
| Release | : 1998 |
| Genre | : Africa |
| ISBN | : 9241208813 |
Contracting is a tool that is playing an increasing role in many health systems. Although contracting has the potential to add benefits to health systems it also adds further complexity. Following a substantial health sector reform and the introduction of a purchaser-provider split contracting became a central part of the management of New Zealand's publicly funded health system during the period 1993 to 2000. This publication examines a number of different aspects of New Zealand's experience of using contracts in the health sector including the contracting process contract content and form purchaser-provider relationships including sources of tension and factors that alleviated tensions and issues related to monitoring and accountability. This publication may assist other countries that are using or are planning to use contracts within their health systems.
| Author | : Ian Maudlin |
| Publisher | : CABI |
| Total Pages | : 644 |
| Release | : 2004-07-09 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 9780851990347 |
This state-of-the-art reference book includes comprehensive coverage of the biology and control of African, Asian and South American trypanosomiasis ("sleeping sickness") in man and animals. It describes recent research developments in the biology and molecular biology of trypanosomes (the protozoan parasite) and their vectors, and methods in diagnosis and control, such as trapping tsetse fly vectors. Different sections of the book are devoted to biology of trypanosomes, vector biology, epidemiology and diagnosis, pathogenesis, disease impact, chemotherapy and disease control, and vector control. The book contains contributions from leading experts from Europe, North and South America, and Africa.
| Author | : World Health Organization |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 237 |
| Release | : 2013 |
| Genre | : African trypanosomiasis |
| ISBN | : 9789240691728 |
This report provides information about new diagnostic approaches new therapeutic regimens and better understanding of the distribution of the disease with high-quality mapping. The roles of human and animal reservoirs and the tsetse fly vectors that transmit the parasites are emphasized. The new information has formed the basis for an integrated strategy with which it is hoped that elimination of HAT will be achieved. The report also contains recommendations on the approaches that will lead to elimination of the disease.Human African Tryponosomiasis (HAT) is a disease that afflicts populations in rural Africa where the tsetse fly vector that transmits the causative trypanosome parasites thrives. There are two forms of HAT: one known as gambiense HAT is endemic in West and Central Africa and causes over 95% of current cases; the other known as rhodesiense HAT is endemic in East and southern Africa and accounts for the remainder of cases. The presence of parasites in the brain leads to progressive neurological breakdown. Changes to sleep-wake patterns are among the symptoms that characterize the disease also known as sleeping sickness . Eventually patients fall into a coma and die if not treated. Different treatments are available against parasites present in the haemolymphatic system (first stage) and those that have entered the brain (second stage). Currently lumbar puncture is required to select the appropriate drug.
| Author | : World Health Organization |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 44 |
| Release | : 2019 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT), or sleeping sickness, is a parasitic infection that is almost invariably fatal unless treated. It is a neglected tropical disease that occurs in sub-Saharan Africa. The incidence of the disease is declining in response to intensive surveillance and control in endemic areas. As a result, HAT is among the neglected tropical diseases targeted by the World Health Organization (WHO) for elimination. WHO maintains exhaustive records of all declared cases; in 2018, a historically low number of cases (less than 1000) was reported. The remarkable progress in the control of gambiense HAT has relied on case-finding and curative treatment, a strategy that interrupts transmission by depleting the reservoir of parasites in humans. This has been combined occasionally with vector control activities. The subject of these guidelines, therefore, is of utmost importance for the continuation of progress to eliminate HAT. The recent approval of a new medicine (fexinidazole) for the treatment of gambiense HAT has opened new possibilities for the management of cases and thus warrants the new WHO recommendations contained herein. While studies of fexinidazole and other therapies are ongoing, these guidelines are considered interim guidelines until new information becomes available. This document focuses on the management of patients affected by gambiense HAT and constitutes an update to the WHO therapeutic guidance issued in 2013.
| Author | : Gerald T. Hughes |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 106 |
| Release | : 2016 |
| Genre | : HEALTH & FITNESS |
| ISBN | : 9781634847230 |
Human African trypanosomiasis or sleeping sickness is caused by infection with the morphologically indistinguishable subspecies Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense (in East and Southern Africa) and Trypanosoma brucei gambiense (in West and Central Africa). The disease is presently almost under control and less than 4000 cases are currently reported. In both, T. b. rhodesiense and T. b. gambiense infection, after the injection of infective metacyclic trypanosomes with tsetse fly vector saliva, the parasites establish in the skin, differentiate to the bloodstream stage and spread via the local draining lymph node into the vascular system. In this book, Chapter One presents an overview of the current epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis and treatment options. Chapter Two provides an in-depth review of diagnostic methods for African trypanosomiasis. Chapter Three discusses the use of aminoadamantane derivatives against Trypanosoma brucei.
| Author | : Orenge, Caleb Oburu |
| Publisher | : IGI Global |
| Total Pages | : 440 |
| Release | : 2021-01-29 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 1799864359 |
African animal trypanosomosis (AAT), also called nagana, is a trans-boundary disease that has had an immense impact on cattle and is ranked among the top global cattle diseases. This and tick-borne diseases have caused major obstacles to sustainable livestock-based agricultural production and food security and are important factors in underdevelopment. Due to decreasing efficacy of available drugs, widespread trypanosome resistance, and the difficulty of sustaining other control measures, there is a need for alternative sustainable strategies to reduce the impact these diseases have on livestock. Combating and Controlling Nagana and Tick-Borne Diseases in Livestock provides the latest empirical research findings on the effects of African animal trypanosomiasis (nagana) and tick-borne disease infection in livestock, their impact on farmer livelihoods, and the measures that can be undertaken to mitigate negative effects and reduce the number of infections. While highlighting topic areas such as disease history and transmission, treatments, and the economic impacts, this book is essential for farmers, animal health and animal production professionals and practitioners, non-government organizations, researchers, academicians, and students working in fields that include but are not limited to agriculture, livestock production, environmental science, veterinary medicine, veterinary pathology, and epidemiology.
