Eco-terror? Exploring Conceptualizations of Violence in Environmental Activism

Eco-terror? Exploring Conceptualizations of Violence in Environmental Activism
Author: Elane Sayers Westfaul
Publisher:
Total Pages:
Release: 2020
Genre:
ISBN:

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The purpose of this paper is to explore concepts of violence as they relate to environmental activism. It employs a comparative case study analysis to illustrate that environmental groups are often labelled "violent" regardless of whether or not they engage in any sort of physical violence. First, it works to define "violence" and explores the concept of structural violence as it relates to gender, ethnicity, race, and the environment. It argues that considering the concept of violence under structural terms is useful in understanding the populations affected differently by environmental violence and who has the power to name what constitutes "legitimate" violence.Second, it argues that environmental activists are often labelled "violent" or "terrorists" not necessarily because they are precipitating some form of violence, but because they threaten the status quo and structural foundation of the state. The people and groups who receive these labels are impacted differently by structural violence and thus are less able to legitimate whatever perceived acts of violence they are committing. It concludes with a call for further research into the relationship between violence and environmental activism. .

From Environmental Action to Ecoterrorism?

From Environmental Action to Ecoterrorism?
Author: Gerry Nagtzaam
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
Total Pages: 365
Release: 2017-01-27
Genre: Law
ISBN: 1785367358

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This book scrutinizes the growth of the ‘eco-terrorism’ movement operating on a global scale, focusing on the main groups and their more radical offshoots, both historically and those currently active. These include Earth First!, the Earth Liberation Front, the Animal Liberation Front and the Sea Shepherd Conservation Society. It critically examines how these groups form and how they have evolved, their key personnel, their strategies and tactics, principles, motivating philosophies and attitudes to violence. Specifically, the book seeks to understand whether such groups inevitably evolve from activists to militants to terrorists, as the literature suggests. Lastly, it considers the future of such groups, asking whether they will become more prominent as more people become ecologically aware and as global environmental conditions deteriorate, or whether such groups have peaked as a force for environmental change.

Eco-terrorism

Eco-terrorism
Author: Don Liddick
Publisher:
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2006
Genre: Animal rights movement
ISBN: 9789780275983

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Environmental Security and Ecoterrorism

Environmental Security and Ecoterrorism
Author: Hami Alpas
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 192
Release: 2011-05-19
Genre: Science
ISBN: 9400712359

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In recent years, the concept of environmental security has been adapted to include preparedness for acts of ecoterrorism. This latter term has now become synonymous with environmental terrorism where the perpetrator uses the environment as a weapon to harm an opponent. The intended outcome is usually large-scale deaths, severe damage to the environment, and instilling fear in the general population. This book explores various facets of ecoterrorism including the role of the state in pursuing and maintaining environmental security, a review of the concept of ecoterrorism, food security challenges and weaknesses, technological countermeasures to enable rapid detection or response, and existing pollution sources and hazards that may serve as targets for terrorist acts. In sum, this volume provides a useful overview for both the layperson and experienced researchers.

Ecoterror

Ecoterror
Author: Ron Arnold
Publisher: Merril Press
Total Pages: 0
Release: 1997
Genre: Bombings
ISBN: 9780939571185

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Conviction records of radical environmentalists! Detailed lists of sabotage against people and property! Names of the guilty groups-no punches pulled! EcoTerror author Ron Arnold has long challenged the assumptions and rhetoric of organized evironmentalism. In this extensively documented book he now exposes and entire underground movement of violence to save nature. The Unabomer used radical environmental publications to target his last two victims, Thomas Mosser and Gil Murray. The vicious Animal Liberation Front maintains a World Wide Web site that brags over 600 crimes committed in the name of 'animal rights'. Earth Firsters use a tactic called 'decoupling' to hide their involvement in 'monkeywrenching'- sabotage against essential production. Protest demonstrations against logging in the Pacific Northwest cost the taxpayer over $1million a year in emergency law enforcement. The overwhelming majority of the victims attacked by ecoterrorists are small family companies, not big corporations. Big-money foundations give millions to smear anyone who stands up to expose ecoterrorists and the moral bankruptcy of big eco-groups. Mainstream environmentalists incite underground violence to save nature by promoting hate against industrialized civilization rather than offering respect for its benefits and practical solutions for its problems.

Comparative Environmental Politics

Comparative Environmental Politics
Author: Paul F. Steinberg
Publisher: MIT Press
Total Pages: 441
Release: 2012
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 0262195852

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Combining the theoretical tools of comparative politics with the substantive concerns of environmental policy, experts explore responses to environmental problems across nations and political systems.

Psychology of Terrorism

Psychology of Terrorism
Author:
Publisher:
Total Pages: 222
Release: 2007
Genre:
ISBN:

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In compiling this annotated bibliography on the psychology of terrorism, the author has defined terrorism as "acts of violence intentionally perpetrated on civilian noncombatants with the goal of furthering some ideological, religious or political objective." The principal focus is on nonstate actors. The task was to identify and analyze the scientific and professional social science literature pertaining to the psychological and/or behavioral dimensions of terrorist behavior (not on victimization or effects). The objectives were to explore what questions pertaining to terrorist groups and behavior had been asked by social science researchers; to identify the main findings from that research; and attempt to distill and summarize them within a framework of operationally relevant questions. To identify the relevant social science literature, the author began by searching a series of major academic databases using a systematic, iterative keyword strategy, mapping, where possible, onto existing subject headings. The focus was on locating professional social science literature published in major books or in peer-reviewed journals. Searches were conducted of the following databases October 2003: Sociofile/Sociological Abstracts, Criminal Justice Abstracts (CJ Abstracts), Criminal Justice Periodical Index (CJPI), National Criminal Justice Reference Service Abstracts (NCJRS), PsycInfo, Medline, and Public Affairs Information Service (PAIS). Three types of annotations were provided for works in this bibliography: Author's Abstract -- this is the abstract of the work as provided (and often published) by the author; Editor's Annotation -- this is an annotation written by the editor of this bibliography; and Key Quote Summary -- this is an annotation composed of "key quotes" from the original work, edited to provide a cogent overview of its main points.

Eco-Warriors, Nihilistic Terrorists, and the Environment

Eco-Warriors, Nihilistic Terrorists, and the Environment
Author: Lawrence E. Likar
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing USA
Total Pages: 396
Release: 2011-04-07
Genre: Political Science
ISBN:

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The first book to thoroughly address the topic, this volume examines the ideologies, tactics, and goals of environmental terrorists and offers a security planning methodology to defend against their attacks. To counter eco-terrorism, we must understand why it occurs. Eco-Warriors, Nihilistic Terrorists, and the Environment is a comprehensive examination of the vulnerability of the natural environment, of its nexus with the strategic goals of terrorists, and of a security-planning methodology that can prevent or ameliorate environmentally linked attacks. The first book to comprehensively address the prevention of environmentally focused terrorism, this work looks at the environment and the private and government facilities that impact it as assets to be protected. Focusing on the capability of lone-wolf terrorists and small, self-radicalizing cells to commit effective violent acts, security expert Lawrence E. Likar furnishes personality and operational profiles of both nihilistic and eco-warrior terrorists, showcasing an essential component of the behavioral-science-based, security-planning methodology he promotes. Most critically, the book addresses the gap in current security-planning methodology and literature, and it reveals novel intelligence-gathering techniques, operational procedures, and countermeasures designed to defend against attacks.

Slow Violence and the Environmentalism of the Poor

Slow Violence and the Environmentalism of the Poor
Author: Rob Nixon
Publisher: Harvard University Press
Total Pages: 371
Release: 2011-06-01
Genre: Nature
ISBN: 067424799X

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The violence wrought by climate change, toxic drift, deforestation, oil spills, and the environmental aftermath of war takes place gradually and often invisibly. Using the innovative concept of "slow violence" to describe these threats, Rob Nixon focuses on the inattention we have paid to the attritional lethality of many environmental crises, in contrast with the sensational, spectacle-driven messaging that impels public activism today. Slow violence, because it is so readily ignored by a hard-charging capitalism, exacerbates the vulnerability of ecosystems and of people who are poor, disempowered, and often involuntarily displaced, while fueling social conflicts that arise from desperation as life-sustaining conditions erode. In a book of extraordinary scope, Nixon examines a cluster of writer-activists affiliated with the environmentalism of the poor in the global South. By approaching environmental justice literature from this transnational perspective, he exposes the limitations of the national and local frames that dominate environmental writing. And by skillfully illuminating the strategies these writer-activists deploy to give dramatic visibility to environmental emergencies, Nixon invites his readers to engage with some of the most pressing challenges of our time.

Essential Concepts of Environmental Communication

Essential Concepts of Environmental Communication
Author: Pat Brereton
Publisher: Routledge
Total Pages: 238
Release: 2022-04-19
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1000564851

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This book draws on a broad spectrum of environmental communications and related cross-disciplinary literature to help students and scholars grasp the interconnecting key concepts within this ever-expanding field of study. Aligning climate change and environmental learning through media and communications, particularly taking into account the post-COVID challenge of sustainability, remains one of the most important concerns within environmental communications. Addressing this challenge, Essential Concepts for Environmental Communication synthesises summary writings from a broad range of environmental theorists, while teasing out provocative concepts and key ideas that frame this evolving, multi-disciplinary field. Each entry maps out an important concept or environmental idea and illustrates how it relates more broadly across the growing field of environmental communication debates. Included in this volume is a full section dedicated to exploring what environmental communication might look like in a post-COVID setting: • Offers cutting-edge analysis of the current state of environmental communications. • Presents an up-to-date exploration of environmental and sustainable development models at a local and global level. • Provides an in-depth exploration of key concepts across the ever-expanding environmental communications field. • Examines the interaction between environmental and media communications at all levels. • Provides a critical review of contemporary environmental communications literature and scholarship. With key bibliographical references and further reading included alongside the entries, this innovative and accessible volume will be of great interest to students, scholars and practitioners alike.