Download Diversity Dynamics And Function Of Host Associated Microbiomes In Marine Organisms full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online free Diversity Dynamics And Function Of Host Associated Microbiomes In Marine Organisms ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!
| Author | : Yunyun Zhuang |
| Publisher | : Frontiers Media SA |
| Total Pages | : 138 |
| Release | : 2024-01-25 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 2832543723 |
| Author | : Suhelen Egan |
| Publisher | : Frontiers Media SA |
| Total Pages | : 110 |
| Release | : 2015-12-21 |
| Genre | : Microbiology |
| ISBN | : 288919681X |
Modern molecular -omics tools (metagenomics, metaproteomics etc.) have greatly contributed to the rapid advancement of our understanding of microbial diversity and function in the world’s oceans. These tools are now increasingly applied to host-associated environments to describe the symbiotic microbiome and obtain a holistic view of marine host-microbial interactions. Whilst all eukaryotic hosts are likely to benefit from their microbial associates, marine sessile eukaryotes, including macroalgae, seagrasses and various invertebrates (sponges, acidians, corals, hydroids etc), rely in particular on the function of their microbiome. For example, marine sessile eukaryotes are under constant grazing, colonization and fouling pressure from the millions of micro- and macroorganisms in the surrounding seawater. Host-associated microorganisms have been shown to produce secondary metabolites as defense molecules against unwanted colonization or pathogens, thus having an important function in host health and survival. Similarly microbial symbionts of sessile eukaryotes are often essential players in local nutrient cycling thus benefiting both the host and the surrounding ecosystem. Various research fields have contributed to generating knowledge of host-associated systems, including microbiology, biotechnology, molecular biology, ecology, evolution and biotechnology. Through a focus on model marine sessile host systems we believe that new insight into the interactions between host and microbial symbionts will be obtained and important areas of future research will be identified. This research topic includes original research, review and opinion articles that bring together the knowledge from different aspects of biology and highlight advances in our understanding of the diversity and function of the microbiomes on marine sessile hosts.
| Author | : Institute of Medicine |
| Publisher | : National Academies Press |
| Total Pages | : 633 |
| Release | : 2013-01-10 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 0309264324 |
Beginning with the germ theory of disease in the 19th century and extending through most of the 20th century, microbes were believed to live their lives as solitary, unicellular, disease-causing organisms . This perception stemmed from the focus of most investigators on organisms that could be grown in the laboratory as cellular monocultures, often dispersed in liquid, and under ambient conditions of temperature, lighting, and humidity. Most such inquiries were designed to identify microbial pathogens by satisfying Koch's postulates.3 This pathogen-centric approach to the study of microorganisms produced a metaphorical "war" against these microbial invaders waged with antibiotic therapies, while simultaneously obscuring the dynamic relationships that exist among and between host organisms and their associated microorganisms-only a tiny fraction of which act as pathogens. Despite their obvious importance, very little is actually known about the processes and factors that influence the assembly, function, and stability of microbial communities. Gaining this knowledge will require a seismic shift away from the study of individual microbes in isolation to inquiries into the nature of diverse and often complex microbial communities, the forces that shape them, and their relationships with other communities and organisms, including their multicellular hosts. On March 6 and 7, 2012, the Institute of Medicine's (IOM's) Forum on Microbial Threats hosted a public workshop to explore the emerging science of the "social biology" of microbial communities. Workshop presentations and discussions embraced a wide spectrum of topics, experimental systems, and theoretical perspectives representative of the current, multifaceted exploration of the microbial frontier. Participants discussed ecological, evolutionary, and genetic factors contributing to the assembly, function, and stability of microbial communities; how microbial communities adapt and respond to environmental stimuli; theoretical and experimental approaches to advance this nascent field; and potential applications of knowledge gained from the study of microbial communities for the improvement of human, animal, plant, and ecosystem health and toward a deeper understanding of microbial diversity and evolution. The Social Biology of Microbial Communities: Workshop Summary further explains the happenings of the workshop.
| Author | : Josep M. Gasol |
| Publisher | : John Wiley & Sons |
| Total Pages | : 571 |
| Release | : 2018-03-27 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 1119107180 |
The newly revised and updated third edition of the bestselling book on microbial ecology in the oceans The third edition of Microbial Ecology of the Oceans features new topics, as well as different approaches to subjects dealt with in previous editions. The book starts out with a general introduction to the changes in the field, as well as looking at the prospects for the coming years. Chapters cover ecology, diversity, and function of microbes, and of microbial genes in the ocean. The biology and ecology of some model organisms, and how we can model the whole of the marine microbes, are dealt with, and some of the trophic roles that have changed in the last years are discussed. Finally, the role of microbes in the oceanic P cycle are presented. Microbial Ecology of the Oceans, Third Edition offers chapters on The Evolution of Microbial Ecology of the Ocean; Marine Microbial Diversity as Seen by High Throughput Sequencing; Ecological Significance of Microbial Trophic Mixing in the Oligotrophic Ocean; Metatranscritomics and Metaproteomics; Advances in Microbial Ecology from Model Marine Bacteria; Marine Microbes and Nonliving Organic Matter; Microbial Ecology and Biogeochemistry of Oxygen-Deficient Water Columns; The Ocean’s Microscale; Ecological Genomics of Marine Viruses; Microbial Physiological Ecology of The Marine Phosphorus Cycle; Phytoplankton Functional Types; and more. A new and updated edition of a key book in aquatic microbial ecology Includes widely used methodological approaches Fully describes the structure of the microbial ecosystem, discussing in particular the sources of carbon for microbial growth Offers theoretical interpretations of subtropical plankton biogeography Microbial Ecology of the Oceans is an ideal text for advanced undergraduates, beginning graduate students, and colleagues from other fields wishing to learn about microbes and the processes they mediate in marine systems.
| Author | : Matthias Wietz |
| Publisher | : Frontiers Media SA |
| Total Pages | : 209 |
| Release | : 2019-08-02 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : 288945908X |
Socio-ecological interactions between microbes and associated organisms are integral elements of marine ecosystem dynamics. This Research Topic combines sixteen papers on interactions across the major domains of marine life, including prokaryotes, phytoplankton, macroalgae, cnidarians, viruses and fungi. These studies offer exciting insights into microbial cooperation and competition, holobiont ecology, interkingdom signaling, chemical microdiversity, and biogeography. Understanding such network processes is essential for the interpretation of ecosystem functioning and biogeochemical events, particularly in the wake of climate change.
| Author | : |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 0 |
| Release | : 2015 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
Modern molecular -omics tools (metagenomics, metaproteomics etc.) have greatly contributed to the rapid advancement of our understanding of microbial diversity and function in the world's oceans. These tools are now increasingly applied to host-associated environments to describe the symbiotic microbiome and obtain a holistic view of marine host-microbial interactions. Whilst all eukaryotic hosts are likely to benefit from their microbial associates, marine sessile eukaryotes, including macroalgae, seagrasses and various invertebrates (sponges, acidians, corals, hydroids etc), rely in particular on the function of their microbiome. For example, marine sessile eukaryotes are under constant grazing, colonization and fouling pressure from the millions of micro- and macroorganisms in the surrounding seawater. Host-associated microorganisms have been shown to produce secondary metabolites as defense molecules against unwanted colonization or pathogens, thus having an important function in host health and survival. Similarly microbial symbionts of sessile eukaryotes are often essential players in local nutrient cycling thus benefiting both the host and the surrounding ecosystem. Various research fields have contributed to generating knowledge of host-associated systems, including microbiology, biotechnology, molecular biology, ecology, evolution and biotechnology. Through a focus on model marine sessile host systems we believe that new insight into the interactions between host and microbial symbionts will be obtained and important areas of future research will be identified. This research topic includes original research, review and opinion articles that bring together the knowledge from different aspects of biology and highlight advances in our understanding of the diversity and function of the microbiomes on marine sessile hosts.
| Author | : Savvas Genitsaris |
| Publisher | : MDPI |
| Total Pages | : 104 |
| Release | : 2021-08-31 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 3036510524 |
The book entitled “Biodiversity of Marine Microbes” aims at highlighting the significance of marine microbes as primary producers, their contribution in complex ecological processes and their roles in biogeochemical cycles and ecosystem functioning. The book includes five research papers covering the diversity and composition of marine microbial communities representing all three domains of life in various marine environments, including coastal eutrophic areas, ice waters, and lagoons. One paper examines the diversity and succession of bacterial and archaeal communities from coastal waters in mesocosm experiments. The combination of classical tools with novel technological advances implemented in the methods of the papers offered an opportunity to answer fundamental questions and shed light on the complex and diverse life of marine microbes.
| Author | : Alexander Theodore Neu |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 186 |
| Release | : 2021 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
Ecological communities have been shown to vary in some predictable ways through space, time, and along environmental gradients, suggesting there may be underlying "rules" in ecology which govern these patterns and processes. However, nearly all our knowledge of these trends comes from studies of large eukaryotes such as plants and animals, and we know very little about how these eukaryotic patterns compare to those of bacteria and archaea, the most dominant life forms on the planet. The goal of this dissertation is to determine whether ecological patterns that are evident in plants and animals are also applicable to host-associated microbes. First, I investigated whether these microbes exhibit large-scale spatial trends in diversity and community composition that are concordant with those of their eukaryotic hosts. Specifically, I investigated changes in community composition across a marine biogeographic boundary and changes in diversity along a latitudinal transect. Results showed that microbiome compositions varied significantly between geographic sites, but that the identity of the host species played a greater role than geography in determining community composition. Further, microbes associated with the California mussel, Mytilus californianus, did not show a traditional latitudinal diversity gradient, and latitudinal diversity patterns varied based on microbial group and host body site. Next, I investigated whether host-associated microbial communities vary over time and in response to environmental change in similar ways to their eukaryotic hosts. I found that over an 11-year period, and in response to environmental change, microbial communities of the bean clam, Donax gouldii, significantly differed in composition, but not in richness. Further, I found that microbes did not regularly diverge in concordance with their intertidal gastropod hosts in the ~3.5 million years since the closure of the Isthmus of Panama, though this was dependent on the host taxa and the body site from which the microbes were collected. Finally, I investigated whether current methodologies for determining the core microbiome are guided by ecological and evolutionary principles and identify critical areas for future research. Overall, this dissertation shows that large-scale patterns in host-associated microbial taxa are often context-dependent and distinct from those of their hosts.
| Author | : Natasha K. Dudek |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 203 |
| Release | : 2018 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : 9780438534360 |
Animals can be viewed as complex, co-evolving networks of microbes and host cells. Understanding the diversity, form, and function of microbes associated with different animals is therefore essential to understanding the patterns and processes underlying evolution across all domains of life. Extant marine mammals present an interesting opportunity to study the microbiota of animals with an unusual lifestyle that has arisen independently six times since the time of their last common ancestor. The manner in which the marine mammal-associated microbiota has evolved in response to the host's marine lifestyle remains unclear. In this thesis, I describe three studies of the microbiota of marine mammals. In the first, I characterize bacterial community composition associated with sea otters, which are a keystone species that is listed as endangered by the IUCN. They are also the sole representatives of an entire lineage of marine mammal. The findings suggest that environment plays a major role in structuring sea otter-associated bacterial community composition and raises the question of whether sea otters may have a reduced bacterial biomass in their guts compared to other mammals. As seen in other marine mammal species, results show that sea otters host a diversity of 'microbial dark matter'. In chapter two of this thesis, I study such 'microbial dark matter' present in the dolphin mouth and propose two new bacterial phyla (Candidatus Delphibacteria and Candidatus Fertabacteria), the former of which our metabolic reconstruction suggests may have a direct effect on dolphin physiology and health. In the third chapter of my thesis, I operate under the assumption that novel phylogenetic diversity is correlated with novel functional diversity, and thereby discover a previously uncharacterized rectangular microbe in dolphin oral samples with several unusual morphological features, such as pili-like appendages whose architecture differs substantially from known surface structures seen in bacteria and archaea. A single-cell genomics experiment suggested that this microbe was a type of bacteria from one of the following three groups: Bacteroidetes, TM7, or Epsilonproteobacteria. Collectively, these studies provide insight into diversity, form, and function within the marine mammal microbiota, and contribute towards our understanding of the microbial diversity, both phylogenetic and functional, which has evolved on Earth.
| Author | : Lucas J. Stal |
| Publisher | : Springer |
| Total Pages | : 501 |
| Release | : 2016-06-03 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 3319330004 |
This book describes the state-of-the-art concerning the ‘marine microbiome’ and its uses in biotechnology. The first part discusses the diversity and ecology of marine microorganisms and viruses, including all three domains of life: Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya. It discusses whether marine microorganisms exist and, if so, why they might be unique. The second part presents selected marine habitats, their inhabitants and how they influence biogeochemical cycles, while the third discusses the utilization of marine microbial resources, including legal aspects, dissemination, and public awareness. The marine microbiome is the total of microorganisms and viruses in the ocean and seas and in any connected environment, including the seafloor and marine animals and plants. The diversity of microbial life remains unquantified and largely unknown, and could represent a hidden treasure for human society. Accordingly, this book is also intended to connect academics and industry, providing essential information for microbiologists from both fields.
