Design of Direct-Drive Mechanical Arms

Design of Direct-Drive Mechanical Arms
Author: Haruhiko Asada
Publisher:
Total Pages: 22
Release: 1981
Genre: Robots
ISBN:
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This paper describes the design concept of a new robot based on the direct-drive method using rare-earth DC torque motors. Because these motors have high torque, light weight and compact size, we can construct robots with far better performance than those presently available. For example, we can eliminate all the transmission mechanism between the motors and their loads, such as reducers and chain belts, and construct a simple mechanism (direct-drive) where the arm links are directly coupled to the motor rotors. This elimination can lead to excellent performance: no backlash, low friction, low inertia, low compliance and high reliability, all of which are suited for high-speed high-precision robots. First we propose a basic configuration of direct-drive robots. Second a general procedure for designing direct-drive robots is shown, and the feasibility of direct drive for robot actuation is discussed in terms of weights and torques of joints. One of the difficulties in designing direct-drive robots is that motors to drive wrist joints are loads for motors to drive elbow joints and they are loads for motors at shoulders. To reduce this increasing series of loads is an essential issue for designing practical robots. We analyze the series of joint mass for a simplified kinematic model of the direct-drive robots, and show how the loads are reduced significantly by using rare-earth motors with light weight and high torque. We also discuss optimum kinematic structures with minimum arm weight. Finally, we describe the direct-drive robotic manipulator (CMU arm) developed at Carnegie-Mellon University, and verify the design theory. (Author).

Direct-Drive Robots

Direct-Drive Robots
Author: Haruhiko Asada
Publisher: Mit Press
Total Pages: 300
Release: 1987-05
Genre: Computers
ISBN: 9780262511766
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An introduction to the design concept and control issues of the high-performance direct-drive robot arm.

Direct-drive Robots

Direct-drive Robots
Author: Haruhiko Asada
Publisher: MIT Press (MA)
Total Pages: 262
Release: 1987-01
Genre: Computers
ISBN: 9780262010887
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This book describes the design concept and discusses the control issues related to the performance of a direct-drive robot, specifically, a direct-drive mechanical arm capable of carrying up to 10 kilograms, at 10 meters per second, accelerating at 5 G (a unit of acceleration equal to the acceleration of gravity). These are remarkable achievements compared to current industrial robots that move with speeds on the order of 1 meter per second.Direct-Drive Robot presents the most current research in manipulator design and control, emphasizing the high-performance direct-drive robot arm in which the shafts of articulated joints are directly coupled to the rotors of motors with high torque. It describes fundamental technologies of key components such as motors, amplifiers and sensors, arm linkage design, and control system design, and makes significant contributions in the areas of power efficiency analysis, dynamic mass balancing, and decoupling theory.The book provides a good balance between theory and practice, covering the practical design and implementation of this special robot as well as the theoretical design tools.Contents: Part I: Direct-Drive Technologies. Introduction. Components. Part II: Arm Design Theory. Power Efficiency. Arm Design for Simplified Dynamics. Actuator Relocation. Design of Decoupled Arm Structures. Part III: Development of the MIT Arm. Mechanisms. Control Systems. Part IV: Selected Papers on Direct-Drive Robot Design and Control.Haruhiko Asada is an Associate Professor, Kyoto University, and Lecturer at MIT He has built two prototypes of the direct-drive arm described here. Kamal Youcef-Toumi is an Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, System Dynamics and Controls Division at MIT. He has worked for three years with Asada on the development of the MIT high speed directdrive robot.

Control of a Direct-Drive Arm

Control of a Direct-Drive Arm
Author: Haruhiko Asada
Publisher:
Total Pages: 37
Release: 1982
Genre: CMU DD Arm (Manipulator)
ISBN:
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A direct-drive arm is a new mechanical arm in which the shafts of articulated joints are directly coupled to the rotors of high performance torque motors. Since the arm does not contain any gears or transmission mechanisms between the motors and their loads, the drive systems have no backlash, small friction and high mechanical stiffness, all of which are desirable for fast, accurate and versatile robots. This paper presents the characteristic analysis and the design of the control system.

Creating Precision Robots

Creating Precision Robots
Author: Francis Nickols
Publisher: Butterworth-Heinemann
Total Pages: 282
Release: 2018-08-12
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 0128157593
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Creating Precision Robots: A Project-Based Approach to the Study of Mechatronics and Robotics shows how to use a new “Cardboard Engineering technique for the handmade construction of three precision microcomputer controlled robots that hit, throw and shoot. Throughout the book, the authors ensure that mathematical concepts and physical principles are not only rigorously described, but also go hand-in-hand with the design and constructional techniques of the working robot. Detailed theory, building plans and instructions, electric circuits and software algorithms are also included, along with the importance of tolerancing and the correct use of numbers in programming. The book is designed for students and educators who need a detailed description, mathematical analysis, design solutions, engineering drawings, electric circuits and software coding for the design and construction of real bench-top working robots. Provides detailed instructions for the building and construction of specialized robots using line drawings Teaches students how to make real working robots with direct meaning in the engineering academic world Describes and explains the math and physics theory related to hitting, throwing and shooting robots

The Mechanical Systems Design Handbook

The Mechanical Systems Design Handbook
Author: Yildirim Hurmuzlu
Publisher: CRC Press
Total Pages: 872
Release: 2017-12-19
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 1420036742
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With a specific focus on the needs of the designers and engineers in industrial settings, The Mechanical Systems Design Handbook: Modeling, Measurement, and Control presents a practical overview of basic issues associated with design and control of mechanical systems. In four sections, each edited by a renowned expert, this book answers diverse questions fundamental to the successful design and implementation of mechanical systems in a variety of applications. Manufacturing addresses design and control issues related to manufacturing systems. From fundamental design principles to control of discrete events, machine tools, and machining operations to polymer processing and precision manufacturing systems. Vibration Control explores a range of topics related to active vibration control, including piezoelectric networks, the boundary control method, and semi-active suspension systems. Aerospace Systems presents a detailed analysis of the mechanics and dynamics of tensegrity structures Robotics offers encyclopedic coverage of the control and design of robotic systems, including kinematics, dynamics, soft-computing techniques, and teleoperation. Mechanical systems designers and engineers have few resources dedicated to their particular and often unique problems. The Mechanical Systems Design Handbook clearly shows how theory applies to real world challenges and will be a welcomed and valuable addition to your library.

Robot Grippers

Robot Grippers
Author: Gareth J. Monkman
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 463
Release: 2007-02-27
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 352760989X
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Since robotic prehension is widely used in all sectors of manufacturing industry, this book fills the need for a comprehensive, up-to-date treatment of the topic. As such, this is the first text to address both developers and users, dealing as it does with the function, design and use of industrial robot grippers. The book includes both traditional methods and many more recent developments such as micro grippers for the optolectronics industry. Written by authors from academia, industry and consulting, it begins by covering the four basic categories of robotic prehension before expanding into sections dealing with endeffector design and control, robotic manipulation and kinematics. Later chapters go on to describe how these various gripping techniques can be used for a common industrial aim, with details of related topics such as: kinematics, part separation, sensors, tool excahnge and compliance. The whole is rounded off with specific examples and case studies. With more than 570 figures, this practical book is all set to become the standard for advanced students, researchers and manufacturing engineers, as well as designers and project managers seeking practical descriptions of robot endeffectors and their applications.