Excerpt from A Pocket Hand Book of Biography: Containing More Than Ten Thousand Names of Celebrities in Every Sphere of Human Action Showing Their Nationality, Rank or Condition, Profession or Occupation, the Dates of Their Birth and Death N the following concise dictionary OF biography par ticular attention has been paid to the orthography and the matter of dates, the best and most recent authorities having been consulted. A doubtful or approximate date is followed by an interrogation point. The contraction . Stands for ourished - that is, lived. Nicknames, pen-names, etc., also designations Of kinship, are printed in italics following the real name. The words in brackets denote some work, as a book or an invention, produced by the personage, or some famous episode in his history. The Hand-book will be found especially. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works."